ACT I.
Scene I.โELSINORE.ย A Platform before the Castle. Night.
Franciscoย on his post. Enter to himย Bernardo,ย L.H.
Ber.ย Who’s there?
Fran.ย (R.) Nay, answer me:1ย stand, and unfold2ย yourself.
Ber.ย Long live the king!3
Fran.
Bernardo?
Ber.
He.
Fran.ย You come most carefully upon your hour.
Ber.ย ‘Tis now struck twelve; get thee to bed, Francisco.
Fran.ย For this relief much thanks: [Crosses toย L.] ’tis bitter cold,
And I am sick at heart.
Ber.ย Have you had quiet guard?
Fran.
Not a mouse stirring.
Ber.ย Well, good night.
If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus,
The rivals of my watch,4ย bid them make haste.
Fran.ย I think I hear them.โStand, ho! Who’s there?
Mar.
And liegemen to the Dane.5
Enterย Horatioย andย Marcellusย L.H.
Fran.ย Give you good night.
Mar.
O, farewell, honest soldier:
Who hath reliev’d you?
Fran.ย Bernardo hath my place.
Give you good night.
[Exitย Francisco,ย L.H.]
Mar.
Holloa! Bernardo!
Ber.
Say,
What, is Horatio there?
Hor.ย (Crosses toย C.) A piece of him.6
Ber.ย (R.) Welcome, Horatio: welcome, good Marcellus.
Hor.ย What, has this thing appear’d again to-night?
Ber.ย I have seen nothing.
Mar.ย (L.) Horatio says, ’tis but our fantasy,
And will not let belief take hold of him,
Touching this dreaded sight, twice seen of us:
Therefore I have entreated him, along
With us, to watch the minutes of this night;7
That, if again this apparition come,
He may approve our eyes,8ย and speak to it.
Hor.ย Tush! tush! ’twill not appear.
Ber.ย Come, let us once again assail your ears,
That are so fortified against our story,
What we two nights have seen.9
Hor.ย Well, let us hear Bernardo speak of this.
Ber.ย Last night of all,
When yon same star that’s westward from the pole
Had made his course to illume that part of heaven
Where now it burns, Marcellus, and myself,
The bell then beating oneโ
9Mar.ย Peace, break thee off; look, where it comes again!
Enterย Ghostย L.H.
Ber.ย In the same figure, like the king that’s dead.
Hor.ย Most like:โit harrows me with fear and wonder.10
Ber.ย It would be spoke to.
Mar.ย Speak to it, Horatio.
Hor.ย What art thou, that usurp’st this time of night,11
Together with that fair and warlike form
In which the majesty of buried Denmark
Did sometimes march? By heaven I charge thee, speak!
Mar.ย It is offended.
[Ghostย crosses toย R.]
Ber.
See! it stalks away!
Hor.ย Stay!โspeak!โspeak, I charge thee, speak!
[Exitย Ghost,ย R.H.]
Mar.ย ‘Tis gone, and will not answer.
Ber.ย How now, Horatio! You tremble, and look pale:
Is not this something more than fantasy?
What think you of it?
Hor.ย Before heaven, I might not this believe,
Without the sensible and true avouch12
Of mine own eyes.
Mar.
Is it not like the king?
Hor.ย As thou art to thyself:
Such was the very armour he had on,
When he the ambitious Norway combated.
Mar.ย Thus, twice before, and jump at this dead hour,13
With martial stalk hath he gone by our watch.
Hor.ย In what particular thought to work,14ย I know not;
10But in the gross and scope15ย of mine opinion,
This bodes some strange eruption to our state.16
In the most high and palmy17ย state of Rome,
A little ere the mightiest Julius fell,
The graves stood tenantless, and the sheeted dead
Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets.
Re-enterย Ghostย R.H.
But, (L.C.) soft, behold! lo, where it comes again!
I’ll cross it, though it blast me.
[Horatioย crosses in front of theย Ghostย toย R.ย Ghostย crosses toย L.]
Stay, illusion!
If thou hast any sound, or use of voice,18
Speak to me:
If there be any good thing to be done,
That may to thee do ease, and grace to me,
Speak to me:
If thou art privy to thy country’s fate,
Which, happily, foreknowing may avoid,
O, speak!
O, if thou hast uphoarded in thy life
Extorted treasure in the womb of earth,19
For which, they say, you spirits oft walk in death,
Speak of it:โstay, and speak!
[Exitย Ghost,ย L.H.]
Mar.ย ‘Tis gone!
We do it wrong, being so majestical,
To offer it the show of violence.
Ber.ย It was about to speak, when the cock crew.
Hor.ย And then it started like a guilty thing
11Upon a fearful summons.20ย I have heard,
The cock, that is the trumpet of the morn,
Doth with his lofty21ย and shrill-sounding throat
Awake the god of day; and, at his warning,
Whether in sea or fire, in earth or air,
The extravagant and erring spirit22ย hies
To his confine.
But, look, the morn, in russet mantle clad,
Walks o’er the dew of yon high eastern hill:
Break we our watch up; and, by my advice,
Let us impart what we have seen to-night
Unto young Hamlet; for, upon my life,
This spirit, dumb to us, will speak to him.
[Exeunt,ย L.H.]
Scene II.โA ROOM OF STATE IN THE PALACE.
Trumpet March.
Enter theย Kingย andย Queen, preceded byย Polonius,ย Hamlet,ย Laertes23, Lords, Ladies, and Attendants.
King.ย R.C.ย Though yet of Hamlet our dear brother’s death
The memory be green;24ย and that it us befitted
To bear our hearts in grief, and our whole kingdom
To be contracted in one brow of woe;
Yet so far hath discretion fought with nature,
That we with wisest sorrow25ย think on him,
Together with remembrance of ourselves.
Therefore our sometime sister, now our queen,
The imperial jointress of this warlike state,
12Have we, as ’twere with a defeated joy,26
Taken to wife: nor have we herein barr’d27
Your better wisdoms, which have freely gone
With this affair along:โFor all, our thanks.
And now, Laertes, what’s the news with you?
You told us of some suit; What is’t, Laertes?
Laer.ย (R.)
My dread lord,
Your leave and favour28ย to return to France;
From whence though willingly I came to Denmark,
To show my duty in your coronation,
Yet now, I must confess, that duty done,
My thoughts and wishes bend again toward France,
And bow them to your gracious leave and pardon.
King.ย Have you your father’s leave? What says Polonious?
Pol.ย (R.) He hath, my lord, (wrung from me my slow leave
By laboursome petition; and, at last,
Upon his will I sealed my hard consent):29
I do beseech you, give him leave to go.
King.ย Take thy fair hour, Laertes; time be thine,
And thy best graces spend it at thy will!30
But now, my cousin Hamlet, and my son,โโ
Ham.ย (L.) A little more than kin, and less than kind.31
[Aside.]
13King.ย How is it that the clouds still hang on you?
Ham.ย Not so, my lord; I am too much i’the sun.32
Queen.ย (L.C.) Good Hamlet, cast thy nighted colour33ย off,
And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark.
Do not for ever with thy vailed lids34
Seek for thy noble father in the dust:
Thou know’st ’tis common, all that live must die,
Passing through nature to eternity.
Ham.ย Ay, madam, it is common.
Queen.
If it be,
Why seems it so particular with thee?
Ham.ย Seems, madam! nay, it is; I know not seems.
‘Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother,
Nor the dejected haviour of the visage,
No, nor the fruitful river in the eye,
Together with all forms, modes, shows of grief,
That can denote me truly: These, indeed, seem,
For they are actions that a man might play.
But I have that within which passeth show;35
These but the trappings36ย and the suits of woe.
King.ย ‘Tis sweet and commendable in your nature, Hamlet,
To give these mourning duties to your father:
But, you must know, your father lost a father;
That father lost, lost his;37ย and the survivor bound,
In filial obligation, for some term
14To do obsequious sorrow:38ย But to persรฉver39
In obstinate condolement,40ย is a course
Of impious stubbornness; ’tis unmanly grief:
It shows a will most incorrect to Heaven.41
We pray you, throw to earth
This unprevailing42ย woe; and think of us
As of a father: for let the world take note,
You are the most immediate to our throne;
Our chiefest courtier, cousin, and our son.
Queen.ย Let not thy mother lose her prayers, Hamlet:
I pray thee, stay with us; go not to Wittenberg.
Ham.ย I shall in all my best obey you, madam.
King.ย Why, ’tis a loving and a fair reply;
Be as ourself in Denmark.โMadam, come;
This gentle and unforc’d accord of Hamlet
Sits smiling to my heart:43ย in grace whereof,44
No jocund health that Denmark drinks to-day,45
But the great cannon to the clouds shall tell;
Re-speaking earthly thunder.
[Trumpet March repeated. Exeuntย Kingย andย Queen,ย preceded byย Polonius,ย Lords,ย Ladies,ย Laertes, andย Attendants,ย R.H.]
Ham.ย O, that this too, too solid flesh would melt,
Thaw, and resolve itself46ย into a dew!
Or that the Everlasting had not fix’d
His canon47ย ‘gainst self-slaughter! O God! O God!
How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable
15Seem to me all the uses of this world!48
Fye on’t! O fye! ’tis an unweeded garden,
That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature
Possess it merely.49ย That it should come to this!
But two months dead!โnay, not so much, not two:
So excellent a king; that was, to this,
Hyperion to a satyr:50ย so loving to my mother,
That he might not beteem51ย the winds of heaven
Visit her face too roughly. Heaven and earth!
Must I remember? why, she would hang on him,
As if increase of appetite had grown
By what it fed on: And yet, within a month,โ
Let me not think on’t,โFrailty, thy name is Woman!โ
A little month; or ere those shoes were old
With which she follow’d my poor father’s body,
Like Niobe, all tears;โshe married with my uncle,
My father’s brother; but no more like my father
Than I to Hercules.
It is not, nor it cannot come to, good:
But break, my heart, for I must hold my tongue!
Enterย Horatio,ย Bernardo, andย Marcellusย R.H.
Hor.ย Hail to your lordship!
Ham.
I am glad to see you well:
Horatio,โor I do forget myself.
Hor.ย The same, my lord, and your poor servant ever.
Ham.ย Sir, my good friend; I’ll change that name with you:52
And what make you from Wittenberg, Horatio?โ
Marcellus?
[Crosses toย C.]
Mar. (R.) My good lord,โ
16Ham.ย (C.) I am very glad to see you; good even, sir.
[Toย Bernardo,ย R.]
But what, in faith,53ย make you54ย from Wittenberg?55
Hor.ย (L.) A truant disposition, good my lord.
Ham.ย I would not hear your enemy say so;
Nor shall you do mine ear that violence,
To make it truster of your own report
Against yourself: I know you are no truant.
But what is your affair in Elsinore?
We’ll teach you to drink deep, ere you depart.
Hor.ย My lord, I came to see your father’s funeral.
Ham.ย I pray thee, do not mock me, fellow-student;
I think it was to see my mother’s wedding.
Hor.ย Indeed, my lord, it followed hard upon.
Ham.ย Thrift, thrift, Horatio! the funeral bak’d meats
Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables.
Would I had met my dearest foe56ย in Heaven
Ere ever I had seen that day, Horatio!
My father,โMethinks, I see my father.
Hor.
Where,
My lord?
Ham.ย In my mind’s eye, Horatio.
Hor.ย I saw him once; he was a goodly king.57
Ham.ย He was a man, take him for all in all,
I shall not look upon his like again.
[Crosses toย L.]
Hor.ย (C.) My lord, I think I saw him yesternight.
Ham.ย Saw who?
Hor.ย My lord, the king your father.
Ham.
The king my father!
Hor.ย Season your admiration for a while58
17With an attent ear; till I may deliver,
Upon the witness of these gentlemen,
This marvel to you.
Ham.
For Heaven’s love, let me hear.
Hor.ย Two nights together had these gentlemen,
Marcellus and Bernardo, on their watch,
In the dead waste and middle of the night,59
Been thus encounter’d. A figure like your father,
Arm’d at all points exactly, cap-ร -pรฉ,
Appears before them, and, with solemn march
Goes slow and stately by them: thrice he walk’d
By their oppress’d and fear-surprisรจd eyes,
Within his truncheon’s length; whilst they, distill’d
Almost to jelly with the act of fear,60
Stand dumb, and speak not to him. This to me
In dreadful secrecy impart they did;
And I with them the third night kept the watch:
Where, as they had deliver’d, both in time,
Form of the thing, each word made true and good,
The apparition comes.
Ham.ย But where was this?
[Crosses toย Marcellus.]
Mar.ย (R.) My lord, upon the platform where we watch’d.
Ham.ย (C.) Did you not speak to it?
Hor.ย (L.)
My lord, I did;
But answer made it none: yet once methought
It lifted up its head, and did address61
Itself to motion, like as it would speak:
But, even then, the morning cock crew loud,
And at the sound it shrunk in haste away;
And vanish’d from our sight.
Ham.
‘Tis very strange.
Hor.ย As I do live, my honour’d lord, ’tis true;
And we did think it writ down62ย in our duty
To let you know of it.
18Ham.ย Indeed, indeed, sirs, but this troubles me.
Hold you the watch to-night?
Mar.
We do, my lord.
Ham.ย Arm’d, say you?
Mar.
Arm’d, my lord.
Ham.
From top to toe?
Mar.ย My lord, from head to foot.
Ham.
Then saw you not
His face?
Hor.
O, yes, my lord; he wore his beaver up.63
Ham.ย What, looked he frowningly?
Hor.
A countenance more
In sorrow than in anger.
Ham.
Pale or red?
Hor.ย Nay, very pale.
Ham.
And fix’d his eyes upon you?
Hor.ย Most constantly.
Ham.
I would I had been there.
Hor.ย It would have much amaz’d you.
Ham.
Very like,
Very like. Stay’d it long?
Hor.ย While one with moderate haste might tell a hundred.
Mar.
Ber. |
Longer, Longer. |
Hor.ย Not when I saw it.
Ham.
His beard was grizzl’d, No?
Hor.ย It was, as I have seen it in his life,
A sable silver’d.
Ham.
I will watch to-night;
Perchance, ’twill walk again.
Hor.ย (C.)
I warrant it will.
Ham.ย If it assume my noble father’s person,
I’ll speak to it, though hell itself should gape,
And bid me hold my peace. [Crosses toย L.] I pray you all,
If you have hitherto conceal’d this sight,
Let it be tenable64ย in your silence still;
And whatsoever else shall hap to-night,
19Give it an understanding, but no tongue;
I will requite your loves. So, fare you well:
Upon the platform, ‘twixt eleven and twelve,
I’ll visit you.
Hor.ย (R.)
Our duty to your honour.
Ham.ย Your loves, as mine to you: Farewell.
[Exeuntย Horatio,ย Marcellus, andย Bernardo,ย R.H.]
My father’s spirit in arms! all is not well;
I doubt some foul play: ‘would the night were come;
Till then sit still, my soul: Foul deeds will rise,
Though all the earth o’erwhelm them, to men’s eyes.
[Exit,ย L.H.]
Scene III.โA ROOM IN POLONIUS’S HOUSE.
Enterย Laertesย andย Opheliaย (R.H.)
Laer.ย (L.C.) My necessaries are embarked: farewell:
And, sister, as the winds give benefit,65
Let me hear from you.
Oph.ย (R.C.)
Do you doubt that?
Laer.ย For Hamlet, and the trifling of his favour,66
Hold it a fashion, and a toy in blood;
A violet in the youth of primy nature,
Forward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting,
The pรฉrfume and suppliance of a minute.67
Oph.ย No more but so?
Laer.ย He may not, as unvalued persons do,
Carve for himself; for on his choice depends
The safety and the health of the whole state.
Then weigh what loss your honour may sustain,
If with too credent ear you list his songs.
Fear it, Ophelia, fear it, my dear sister;
20And keep within the rear of your affection,68
Out of the shot and danger of desire.
The chariest maid69ย is prodigal enough,
If she unmask her beauty to the moon:
Virtue itself scapes not calumnious strokes:
Be wary, then; best safety lies in fear:
Youth to itself rebels, though none else near.
Oph.ย I shall the effect of this good lesson keep,
As watchman to my heart. But, good my brother,
Do not, as some ungracious pastors do,
Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven
Whilst, like a puff’d and reckless libertine,70
Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads,
And recks not his own read.71
Laer.
O, fear me not.
I stay too long;โbut here my father comes.
Enterย Poloniusย (L.H.)
Pol. Yet here, Laertes! aboard, aboard, for shame!
The wind sits in the shoulder of your sail,72
And you are staid for. There,โmy blessing with you!
[Laying his hand onย Laertes’ย head.]
And these few precepts in thy memoryโ
Look thou charรกcter.73ย Give thy thoughts no tongue, any unproportion’d thought74ย his act.
Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar.
The friends thou hast, and their adoption tried,
Grapple them to thy soul with hooks of steel;
But do not dull thy palm with entertainment
Of each new-hatch’d, unfledg’d comrade. Beware
Of entrance to a quarrel; but being in,
21Bear it, that the opposer may beware of thee.
Give every man thine ear, but few thy voice:
Take each man’s censure,75ย but reserve thy judgment.
Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy,
But not express’d in fancy; rich, not gaudy:
For the apparel oft proclaims the man;
And they in France of the best rank and station
Are most select and generous, chief in that.76
Neither a borrower nor a lender be:
For loan oft loses both itself and friend;
And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry.77
This above all,โTo thine ownself be true;
And it must follow, as the night the day,
Thou canst not then be false to any man.
Farewell; my blessing season this in thee!78
Laer.ย Most humbly do I take my leave, my lord.
[Crosses toย L.]
Farewell, Ophelia; and remember well
What I have said to you.
Oph.ย (Crosses toย Laertes.) ‘Tis in my memory lock’d,
And you yourself shall keep the key of it.79
Laer.ย Farewell.
[Exitย Laertes,ย L.H.]
Pol.ย What is it, Ophelia, he hath said to you?
Oph.ย So please you, something touching the lord Hamlet.
Pol.ย Marry, well bethought:
‘Tis told me, he hath very oft of late
Given private time to you;80ย and you yourself
Have of your audience been most free and bounteous:
If it be so (as so ’tis put on me,81
And that in way of caution), I must tell you,
You do not understand yourself so clearly
As it behoves my daughter, and your honour.
22What is between82ย you? give me up the truth.
Oph.ย He hath, my lord, of late, made many tenders
Of his affection to me.
Pol.ย Affection! pooh! you speak like a green girl,
Unsifted83ย in such perilous circumstance.
Do you believe his tenders, as you call them?
Oph.ย I do not know, my lord, what I should think.
Pol.ย Marry, I’ll teach you: think yourself a baby;
That you have ta’en these tenders for true pay,
Which are not sterling. Tender yourself more dearly;
Or, you’ll tender me a fool.
Oph.ย My lord, he hath impรณrtun’d me with love
In honourable fashion.
Pol.ย Ay, fashion you may call it; go to, go to.
Oph.ย And hath given countenance to his speech, my lord,
With almost all the holy vows of heaven.
Pol.ย Ay, springes to catch woodcocks.84ย I do know,
When the blood burns, how prodigal the soul
Lends the tongue vows: This is for all,โ
I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth,
Have you so slander any leisure moment,85
As to give words or talk with the lord Hamlet.
Look to’t, I charge you: come your ways.
Oph.ย I shall obey, my lord.
[Exeunt,ย R.H.]
Scene IV.โTHE PLATFORM.ย Night.
Enterย Hamlet,ย Horatio, andย Marcellusย (L.H.U.E.)
Ham.ย The air bites shrewdly; it is very cold.
Hor.ย It is a nipping and an eager air.86
23Ham.ย What hour now?
Hor.
I think it lacks of twelve.
Mar.ย No, it is struck.
Hor.ย (R.C.) Indeed? I heard it not: then it draws near the season,
Wherein the spirit held his wont to walk.
[A Flourish of Trumpets, and Ordnance shot off without.]
What does this mean, my lord?
Ham.ย (L.C.) The king doth wake to-night,87ย and takes his rouse,88
And, as he drains his draughts of Rhenish down,
The kettle-drum and trumpet thus bray out
The triumph of his pledge.
Hor.
Is it a custom?
Ham.ย Ay, marry, is’t: [Crosses toย Horatio.]
But to my mind,โthough I am native here,
And to the manner born,โit is a custom
More honour’d in the breach than the observance.
Enterย Ghostย (L.H.)
Hor.ย (R.H.) Look, my lord, it comes!
Ham.ย (C.) Angels and ministers of grace defend us!โ
Be thou a spirit of health or goblin damn’d,
Bring with thee airs from heaven or blasts from hell,
Be thy intents wicked or charitable,
Thou com’st in such a questionable shape,89
That I will speak to thee: I’ll call theeโHamlet,
King, father: Royal Dane: O, answer me!
Let me not burst in ignorance; but tell
Why thy canoniz’d bones, hearsed in death,90
Have burst their cerements;91ย why the sepulchre,
Wherein we saw thee quietly in-urn’d,
Hath op’d his ponderous and marble jaws,
24To cast thee up again! What may this mean,
That thou, dead corse, again, in cรณmplete steel,
Revisits thus the glimpses of the moon,
Making night hideous; and we fools of nature92
So horridly to shake our disposition93
With thoughts beyond the reaches of our souls?
Say, why is this? wherefore? what should we do?
[Ghostย beckons.]
Hor.ย It beckons you to go away with it,
As if it some impartment did desire
To you alone.
[Ghostย beckons again.]
Mar.ย Look, with what courteous action
It waves you to a more removรจd ground:94
But do not go with it.
Hor.
No, by no means.
Ham.ย It will not speak; then I will follow it.
Hor.ย Do not, my lord.
Ham.
Why, what should be the fear?
I do not set my life at a pin’s fee;95
And for my soul, what can it do to that,
Being a thing immortal as itself?
[Ghostย beckons.]
It waves me forth again;โI’ll follow it.
Hor.ย What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord,96
Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff
That beetles o’er his base into the sea,97
And there assume some other horrible form,
And draw you into madness?
[Ghostย beckons.]
Ham.
It waves me still.โ
Go on; I’ll follow thee.
Ham.
Hold off your hands.
Hor.ย Be rul’d; you shall not go.
Ham.
My fate cries out,
25And makes each petty artery in this body
As hardy as the Nรฉmean lion’s nerve.98
[Ghostย beckons]
Still am I call’d:โunhand me, gentlemen;
[Breaking from them.]
By heaven, I’ll make a ghost of him that lets me:โ99
I say, away!โGo on; I’ll follow thee.
[Exeuntย Ghostย andย Hamlet,ย L.H., followed at a distance byย Horatioย andย Marcellus.]
Scene V.โA MORE REMOTE PART OF THE PLATFORM.ย Night.
Re-enterย Ghostย andย Hamletย (L.H.U.E.)
Ham.ย (R.) Whither wilt thou lead me? Speak; I’ll go no further.
Ghost.ย (L.) Mark me.
Ham.
I will.
Ghost.
My hour is almost come,
When I to sulphurous and tormenting flames
Must render up myself.
Ham.
Alas, poor ghost!
Ghost.ย Pity me not, but lend thy serious hearing
To what I shall unfold.
Ham.
Speak; I am bound to hear.
Ghost.ย So art thou to revenge, when thou shalt hear.
Ham.ย What?
Ghost.ย I am thy father’s spirit;
Doom’d for a certain term to walk the night,
And for the day confin’d to fast in fires,100
Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature
26Are burnt and purg’d away. But that I am forbid
To tell the secrets of my prison-house,
I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word
Would harrow up thy soul;101ย freeze thy young blood;
Make thy two eyes, like stars, start from their spheres;
Thy knotted and combinรจd locks to part,
And each particular hair to stand on end,102
Like quills upon the fretful porcupine:103
But this eternal blazon104ย must not be
To ears of flesh and blood.โList, list, O, list!โ
If thou didst ever thy dear father love,โโ
Ham.ย O Heaven!
Ghost.ย Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.
Ham.ย Murder!
Ghost.ย Murder most foul, as in the best it is;
But this most foul, strange, and unnatural.
Ham.ย Haste me to know it, that I, with wings as swift
As meditation or the thoughts of love,
May sweep to my revenge.
Ghost.
I find thee apt;
And duller shouldst thou be than the fat weed
That rots itself in ease on Lethe wharf,105
Wouldst thou not stir in this. Now, Hamlet, hear:
‘Tis given out that, sleeping in mine orchard,106
A serpent stung me; so the whole ear of Denmark
Is by a forged process107ย of my death
Rankly abus’d: but know, thou noble youth,
The serpent that did sting thy father’s life
Now wears his crown.
Ham.ย O, my prophetic soul! my uncle!
Ghost.ย Ay, that incestuous, that adulterate beast,
27With witchcraft of his wit, with traitorous gifts,
Won to his shameful lust
The will of my most seeming virtuous queen:
O, Hamlet, what a falling-off was there!
From me, whose love was of that dignity,
That it went hand in hand even with the vow
I made to her in marriage; and to decline
Upon a wretch,108ย whose natural gifts were poor
To those of mine!
But, soft! methinks I scent the morning air;
Brief let me be.โSleeping within mine orchard,
My custom always in the afternoon,
Upon my secure109ย hour thy uncle stole,
With juice of cursed hebenon110ย in a vial,
And in the porches of mine ears did pour
The leperous distilment; whose effect
Holds such an enmity with blood of man,
That, swift as quicksilver, it courses through
The natural gates and alleys of the body;
So did it mine;
Thus was I, sleeping, by a brother’s hand
Of life, of crown, of queen, at once despatch’d:111
Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin,
Unhousel’d, disappointed, unanel’d;112
No reckoning made, but sent to my account
With all my imperfections on my head.
Ham.ย O, horrible! O, horrible! most horrible!
Ghost.ย If thou hast nature in thee, bear it not;
Let not the royal bed of Denmark be
A couch for luxury113ย and damnรจd incest.
But, howsoever thou pursu’st this act,
Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive
28Against thy mother aught: leave her to Heaven,
And to those thorns that in her bosom lodge,
To prick and sting her. Fare thee well at once!
The glow-worm shows the matin to be near,
And ‘gins to pale his ineffectual fire:114
Adieu, adieu, adieu! remember me.
[Exit,ย L.H.]
Ham.ย Hold, hold, my heart;
And you, my sinews, grow not instant old,
But bear me stiffly up.โRemember thee!
Ay, thou poor ghost, while memory holds a seat
In this distracted globe.115ย Remember thee!
Yea, from the table of my memory
I’ll wipe away all forms, all pressures past,116
And thy commandment all alone shall live
Within the book and volume of my brain,
Unmix’d with baser matter: yes, by heaven,
I have sworn’t.
Hor.ย (Without.) My lord, my lord,โโ
Mar.ย (Without.) Lord Hamlet,โโ
Hor.ย (Without.) Heaven secure him!
Ham.
So be it!
Mar.ย (Without.) Illo, ho, ho, my lord!
Ham.ย Hillo, ho, ho, boy! come, bird, come.117
Enterย Horatioย andย Marcellusย (L.H.U.E.)
Mar.ย (R.) How is’t, my noble lord?
Hor.ย (L.)
What news, my lord?
Ham.ย (C.) O, wonderful!
Hor.
Good my lord, tell it.
Ham.
No;
You will reveal it.
Hor.ย Not I, my lord, by heaven.
Mar.
Nor I, my lord.
Ham.ย How say you, then; would heart of man once think it?
But you’ll be secret?โ
29Hor.
Mar. |
Ay, by heaven, my lord. |
Ham.ย There’s ne’er a villain, dwelling in all Denmarkโ
But he’s an arrant knave.118
Hor.ย There needs no ghost, my lord, come from the grave
To tell us this.
Ham.ย Why, right; you are in the right;
And so, without more circumstance at all,
I hold it fit that we shake hands, and part:
You as your business and desire shall point you,
For every man hath business and desire,
Such as it is;โand, for my own poor part,
Look you, I will go pray.
Hor.ย These are but wild and whirling words,119ย my lord.
Ham.ย I am sorry they offend you, heartily.
Hor.ย There’s no offence, my lord.
Ham.ย Yes, by Saint Patrick,120ย but there is, Horatio,
And much offence, too. Touching this vision here,
It is an honest ghost, that let me tell you:
For your desire to know what is between us,
O’er-master it121ย as you may. And now, good friends,
As you are friends, scholars, and soldiers,
Give me one poor request.
Hor.
What is’t, my lord?
We will.
Ham.ย Never make known what you have seen to-night.
30
Hor.
Mar. |
My lord, we will not. |
Ham.
Nay, but swear’t.
Hor.
Propose the oath, my lord.
Ham.ย Never to speak of this that you have seen.
Swear by my sword.
[Horatioย andย Marcellusย place each their right hand onย Hamlet’sย sword.]
Ghost.ย (Beneath.) Swear.
Hor.ย O day and night, but this is wondrous strange!
Ham.ย And therefore as a stranger give it welcome.122
There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio,
Than are dreamt of in your philosophy.
But come;โ
Here, as before, never, so help you mercy,
How strange or odd soe’er I bear myself,
As I, perchance, hereafter shall think meet
To put an antick disposition123ย on,โ
That you, at such times seeing me, never shall,
With arms encumber’d thus,124ย or this head-shake,
Or by pronouncing of some doubtful phrase,
As,ย Well, we know;ย or,ย We could, an if we would;ย or,ย If
we list to speak;โor,ย There be, an if they might;โ
Or such ambiguous giving out, to note
That you know aught of me:โThis do you swear,
So grace and mercy at your most need help you!
[Horatioย andย Marcellusย again place their hands onย Hamlet’sย sword.]
Ghost.ย (Beneath.) Swear.
Ham.ย Rest, rest, perturbed spirit! So gentlemen,
With all my love I do commend me to you:
And what so poor a man as Hamlet is
May do, to express his love and friending to you,
31Heaven willing, shall not lack.125ย Let us go in together;
[Crosses toย L.]
And still your fingers on your lips, I pray.
The time is out of joint;โO cursรจd spite,
That ever I was born to set it right!
Nay, come, let’s go together.
[Exeuntย L.H.]
END OF ACT FIRST.
Notes
Act I
I.1ย me:]ย i.e., meย who am already on the watch, and have a right to demand the watch-word.
I.2ย unfold] Announce, make known.
I.3ย Long live the King.] The watch-word.
I.4ย The rivals of my watch,]ย Rivals, for partners or associates.
I.5ย And liegemen to the Dane.]ย i.e., owing allegiance to Denmark.
I.6ย A piece of him.] Probably a cant expression.
I.7ย To watch the minutes of this night;] This seems to have been an expression common in Shakespeare’s time.
I.8ย Approve our eyes,] Toย approve, in Shakespeare’s age, signified to make good or establish.
I.9ย What we have seen.] We must here supply “with,” or “by relating” before “what we have seen.”
I.10ย It harrows me with fear and wonder.]ย i.e., it confounds and overwhelms me.
I.11ย Usurp’st this time of night,]ย i.e., abuses, uses against right, and the order of things.
I.12ย I might not this believe, &c.] Iย couldย not: it had not been permitted me, &c., without the full and perfect evidence, &c.
I.13ย Jump at this dead hour,]ย Jumpย andย justย were synonymous in Shakespeare’s time.
I.14ย In what particular thought to work,] In what particular course to set my thoughts at work: in what particular train to direct the mind and exercise it in conjecture.
I.15ย Gross and scope] Upon the whole, and in a general view.
I.16ย Bodes some strange eruption to our state,]ย i.e., some political distemper, which will break out in dangerous consequences.
I.17ย Palmy state] Outspread, flourishing. Palm branches were the emblem of victory.
I.18ย Sound, or use of voice,] Articulation.
I.19
Uphoarded in thy life
Extorted treasure in the womb of earth,]
So in Decker’s Knight’s Conjuring, &c. “If any of them had bound the spirit of gold by any charmesย in cares, or in iron fetters,ย under the ground, they should,ย for their own soule’s quiet (which, questionless, else would whine up and down,) not for the good of their children, release it.”
I.20
And then it started like a guilty thing
Upon a fearful summons.]
Apparitions were supposed to fly from the crowing of the cock, because it indicated the approach of day.
I.21ย Lofty] High and loud.
I.22ย The extravagant and erring spirit]ย Extravagantย is, got out of his bounds.ย Erringย is here used in the sense of wandering.
I.23ย Laertes is unknown in the original story, being an introduction of Shakespeare’s.
I.24ย Green;] Fresh.
I.25ย Wisest sorrow] Sober grief, passion discreetly reined.
I.26ย With a defeated joy,]ย i.e., with joy baffled; with joy interrupted by grief.
I.27ย Barr’d] Excludedโacted without the concurrence of.
I.28ย Your leave and favour] The favour of your leave granted, the kind permission. Two substantives with a copulative being here, as is the frequent practice of our author, used for an adjective and substantive: an adjective sense is given to a substantive.
I.29ย Upon his will I sealed my hard consent:] At or upon his earnest and importunate suit, I gave my full and final, though hardly obtained and reluctant, consent.
I.30
Take thy fair hour! time be thine;
And thy best graces spend it at thy will!]
Catch the auspicious moment! be time thine own! and may the exercise of thy fairest virtue fill up those hours, that are wholly at your command!
I.31ย A little more than kin, and less than kind.] Dr. Johnson says thatย kindย is the Teutonic word forย child. Hamlet, therefore, answers to the titles ofย cousinย andย son, which the king had given him, that he was somewhat more thanย cousin, and less thanย son. Steevens remarks, that it seems to have been another proverbial phrase: “The nearer we are in blood, the further we must be from love; the greater theย kindredย is, the less theย kindnessย must be.”ย Kinย is still used in the Midland Counties forย cousin, andย kindย signifiesย nature. Hamlet may, therefore, mean that the relationship between them had becomeย unnatural.
I.32ย I am too much i’the sun.] Meaning, probably, his being sent for from his studies to be exposed at his uncle’s marriage as hisย chiefest courtier, and being thereby placed too much in the radiance of the king’s presence; or, perhaps, an allusion to the proverb, “Out of Heaven’s blessing, into the warm sun:” but it is not unlikely that a quibble is meant betweenย sonย andย sun.
I.33ย Nighted colour] Blackโnight-like.
I.34ย Vailed lids] Cast down.
I.35ย Which passeth show;]ย i.e., “external manners of lament.”
I.36ย Trappings]ย Trappingsย are “furnishings.”
I.37ย That father lost, lost his;] “That lost father (of your father,ย i.e., your grandfather), or father so lost, lost his.”
I.38ย Do obsequious sorrow:] Follow with becoming and ceremonious observance the memory of the deceased.
I.39ย But to persรฉver] This word was anciently accented on the second syllable.
I.40ย Obstinate condolement,] Ceaseless and unremitted expression of grief.
I.41ย Incorrect to Heaven.] Contumacious towards Heaven.
I.42ย Unprevailing] Fruitless, unprofitable.
I.43ย Sits smiling to my heart:]ย Toย isย at: gladdens my heart.
I.44ย In grace whereof,]ย i.e., respectful regard or honour of which.
I.45ย No jocund health, that Denmark drinks to-day,] Dr. Johnson remarks, that the king’s intemperance is very strongly impressed; everything that happens to him gives him occasion to drink. The Danes were supposed to be hard drinkers.
I.46ย Resolve itself]ย To resolveย is an old word signifyingย to dissolve.
I.47ย His canon]ย i.e., his rule or law.
I.48ย The uses of this world!]ย i.e., the habitudes and usages of life.
I.49ย Merely.] Whollyโentirely.
I.50ย Hyperion to a satyr:] An allusion to the exquisite beauty of Apollo, compared with the deformity of a satyr; that satyr, perhaps, being Pan, the brother of Apollo. Our great poet is here guilty of a false quantity, by calling Hypฤrฤซon, Hypฤrฤญon, a mistake not unusual among our English poets.
I.51ย Might not beteem]ย i.e., might not allow, permit.
I.52ย I’ll change that name with you.]ย i.e., do not call yourself myย servant, you are myย friend; so I shall call you, and so I would have you call me.
I.53ย In faith.] Faithfully, in pure and simple verity.
I.54ย But what make you] What is your object? What are you doing?
I.55ย What, in faith, make you from Wittenberg?] In Shakespeare’s time there was a university at Wittenberg; but as it was not founded till 1502, it consequently did not exist in the time to which this play refers.
I.56ย My dearest foe]ย i.e., my direst or most important foe. This epithet was commonly used to denote the strongest and liveliest interest in any thing or person, for or against.
I.57ย Goodly king.]ย i.e., a good king.
I.58
Season your admiration for a while
with an attent ear;]
i.e., suppress your astonishment for a short time, that you may be the better able to give your attention to what we will relate.
I.59ย In the dead waste and middle of the night,]ย i.e., in the dark and desolate vast, or vacant space and middle of the night. It was supposed that spirits had permission to range the earth by night alone.
I.60ย With the act of fear,]ย i.e., by the influence or power of fear.
I.61ย Address]ย i.e., make ready.
I.62ย Writ down] Prescribed by our own duty.
I.63ย He wore his beaver up.] That part of the helmet which may be lifted up, to take breath the more freely.
I.64ย Tenable]ย i.e., strictly maintained.
I.65ย Benefit,] Favourable means.
I.66ย Trifling of his favour,] Gay and thoughtless intimation.
I.67ย Pรฉrfume and suppliance of a minute.]ย i.e., an amusement to fill up a vacant moment, and render it agreeable.
I.68ย Keep within the rear of your affection,] Front not the peril; withdraw or check every warm emotion: advance not so far as your affection would lead you.]
I.69ย The chariest maid] Chary is cautious.
I.70ย Puff’d and reckless libertine.] Bloated and swollen, the effect of excess; and heedless and indifferent to consequences.
I.71ย Recks not his own read.]ย i.e., heeds not his own lessons or counsel.
I.72ย Shoulder of your sail,] A common sea phrase.
I.73ย Look thou charรกcter.]ย i.e., a word often used by Shakespeare to signify toย write, strongly infix; the accent is on the second syllable.
I.74ย Unproportion’d thought] Irregular, disorderly thought.
I.75ย Each man’s censure,] Sentiment, opinion.
I.76ย i.e., chiefly in that.
I.77ย Husbandry]ย i.e., thrift, economical prudence.
I.78ย Season this in thee!]ย i.e., infix it in such a manner as that it may never wear out.
I.79ย Yourself shall keep the key of it.] Thence it shall not be dismissed, till you think it needless to retain it.
I.80ย Given private time to you;] Spent his time in private visits to you.
I.81ย As so ’tis put on me,] Suggested to, impressed on me.
I.82ย Is between]ย i.e., what has passedโwhat intercourse had.
I.83
Green girl,
Unsifted]
i.e., inexperienced girl. Unsifted means one who has not nicelyย canvassedย and examined the peril of her situation.
I.84ย Woodcocks.] Witless things.
I.85ย Slander any leisure moment,]ย i.e., I would not have you so disgrace your most idle moments, as not to find better employment for them than lord Hamlet’s conversation.
I.86ย An eager air.]ย Eagerย here meansย sharp, fromย aigre, French.
I.87ย Doth wake to-night,]ย i.e., holds a late revel.
I.88ย Takes his rouse,]ย Rouseย means drinking bout, carousal.
I.89ย Questionable shape,] Toย question, in our author’s time, signified toย converse. Questionable, therefore, meansย capable of being conversed with.
I.90ย Hearsed in death,] Deposited with the accustomed funeral rites.
I.91ย Cerements;] Those precautions usually adopted in preparing dead bodies for sepulture.
I.92ย Fools of nature]ย i.e., making sport for nature.
I.93ย Disposition] Frame of mind and body.
I.94ย Removรจd ground:]ย Removedย forย remote.
I.95ย At a pin’s fee;]ย i.e., the value of a pin.
I.96ย What if it tempt you toward the flood, &c.] Malignant spirits were supposed to entice their victims into places of gloom and peril, and exciting in them the deepest terror.
I.97ย Beetles o’er his base into the sea,]ย i.e., projects darkly over the sea.
I.98ย Nรฉmean lion’s nerve.] Shakespeare, and nearly all the poets of his time, disregarded the quantity of Latin names. The poet has here placed the accent on the first syllable, instead of the second.
I.99ย That lets me:] To let, in the sense in which it is here used, means to hinderโto obstructโto oppose. The word is derived from the Saxon.
I.100ย To fast in fires,] Chaucer has a similar passage with regard to eternal punishmentโ“And moreover the misery of Hell shall be in default of meat and drink.”
I.101ย Harrow up thy soul;] Agitate and convulse.
I.102ย Hair to stand on end,] A common image of that day. “Standingย as frighted withย erected haire.”
I.103ย The fretful porcupine:] This animal being considered irascible and timid.
I.104ย Eternal blazon]ย i.e., publication or divulgation of things eternal.
I.105ย Rots itself in ease on Lethe wharf,]ย i.e., in indolence and sluggishness, by its torpid habits contributes to that morbid state of its juices which may figuratively be denominated rottenness.
I.106ย Orchard,] Garden.
I.107ย Forged process]ย i.e., false report of proceedings.
I.108ย Decline upon a wretch.] Stoop with degradation to.
I.109ย Secure] Unguarded.
I.110ย Hebenon] Hebenon is described by Nares in his Glossary, as the juice of ebony, supposed to be a deadly poison.
I.111ย Despatch’d:] Despoiledโbereft.
I.112ย Unhousel’d, disappointed, unanel’d;] Toย houselย is to minister the sacrament to one lying on his death bed.ย Disappointedย is the same as unappointed, which here means unprepared.ย Unanel’dย is without extreme unction.
I.113ย Luxury] Lasciviousness.
I.114ย Pale his uneffectual fire:]ย i.e., not seen by the light of day; or it may mean, shining without heat.
I.115ย In this distracted globe.]ย i.e., his head distracted with thought.
I.116ย Pressures past,] Impressions heretofore made.
I.117ย Come, bird, come.] This is the call which falconers used to their hawk in the air when they would have him come down to them.
I.118ย There’s ne’er a villain dwelling in all Denmarkโ But he’s an arrant knave.] Hamlet probably begins these words in the ardour of confidence and sincerity; but suddenly alarmed at the magnitude of the disclosure he was going to make, and considering that, not his friend Horatio only, but another person was present, he breaks off suddenly:โ”There’s ne’er a villain in all Denmark that can match (perhaps he would have said) my uncle in villainy; but recollecting the danger of such a declaration, he pauses for a moment, and then abruptly concludes:โ”but he’s an arrant knave.”
I.119ย Whirling words,] Random words thrown out with no specific aim.
I.120ย By Saint Patrick,] At this time all the whole northern world had their learning from Ireland; to which place it had retired, and there flourished under the auspices of this Saint.
I.121ย O’er-master it] Get the better of it.
I.122ย Give it welcome.] Receive it courteously, as you would a stranger when introduced.
I.123ย Antick disposition]ย i.e., strange, foreign to my nature, a disposition which Hamlet assumes as a protection against the danger which he apprehends from his uncle, and as a cloak for the concealment of his own meditated designs.
I.124ย Arms encumber’d thus,]ย i.e., folded.
I.125ย Friending to youโshall not lack] Disposition to serve you shall not be wanting.
32